斯坦福大学材料科学与工程博士如何度过学习生涯?斯坦福大学是美国一所私立大学，被公认为世界上最杰出的大学之一，其工学院下的材料科学与工程系致力于研究加工过程、结构和材料性能之间的关系，研究的目标是发展新型材料和加工过程。该系整合跟材料相关的学科，比如物理冶金、高分子科学、制陶术、生物和固体物理化学。

　　斯坦福大学材料科学与工程博士学习生涯：

　　1. 关于材料系的Ph.D. Program

　　此项目的学生将会从更广更深的维度去学习材料科学与工程专业的知识从而成为未来的在这个领域颇有建树的研究专家。当你博士毕业之后，将会在你术业专攻的领域内成为专家，并且会具备能力开启一个新的研究领域。

　　The Ph.D. program is designed to give students a broad and deep understanding of materials science and engineering so that they will have long and fruitful careers as researchers. When a student graduates from our program， he or she will be one of the world's leading experts in the area of their dissertation research， but will also have the intellectual tools needed to move into new research areas as the field grows and develops.

　　2. 博士学习是什么样的呢?

　　前两年，学生被要求学习十门核心课程。参加每周的专题座谈会去了解最前沿的科学进展。跟着一个特定的导师进组参加科研项目。

　　During the first two years of the Ph.D. program， students are required to take at least ten courses from our core curriculum， attend the weekly colloquium lectures to learn about cutting edge materials science research， locate a faculty research advisor， and become involved in that research group.

　　十门核心课程如下：

　　The core curriculum consists of the following ten courses:

　　MATSCI 201 Quantum Mechanics

　　MATSCI 202 Materials Chemistry

　　MATSCI 203 Atomic Arrangements in Solids

　　MATSCI 204 Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria

　　MATSCI 205 Waves and Diffraction in Solids

　　MATSCI 206 Imperfections in Crystalline Solids

　　MATSCI 207 Rate Processes in Materials (Kinetics)

　　MATSCI 208 Mechanical Properties of Materials

　　MATSCI 209 Electronics and Optical Properties of Solids

　　MATSCI 210 Organic and Biological Materials

　　Students are expected to find a research group to join by the start of Winter Quarter. During the summer after the first academic year， students typically work intensely on research under the guidance of a professor in the Materials Science and Engineering Department or a professor from another materials-related department.

　　3. 入学第二年，参加课程学习和继续攻读博士学位的资格考试，考试内容为20分钟的演讲，演讲内容围绕提交的论文报告进行。然后进行80分钟的提问环节，由导师团队就所学课程和论文的内容进行提问，考察知识的掌握情况以及论文的可行性。

　　In the second year， students continue to do research and typically take one or two courses per quarter. Between October and January， they take a qualifying examination， which they must pass to be formally admitted to candidacy for a Ph.D. degree. In the first part of the exam， students give a 20-minute presentation on their proposed area of dissertation research. A committee of professors， which includes the student's advisor， then questions the student on the proposed topic for twenty minutes. Finally， the professors ask questions for 80 minutes on topics from the core curriculum. Students are expected to demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of materials science and to show that they can think clearly on aspects that are important for their research. Students who do not pass the qualifying exam can attempt it one more time in the Spring Quarter. It is not uncommon to pass one part but not both parts on the first try.

　　4. 通过资格考试后，继续学习课程和做论文，达到相应的课时要求。

　　Once students pass the qualifying exam， they continue to take classes and do their dissertation research. Students are required to take 48 technical and seminar units (approximately sixteen quarter-long classes).

　　5. 最后阶段：完成论文写作，通过学校的口头考试，在公开的研讨会上答辩并回答教授们的问题。大多数学生会在五年之内完成学习并且会收到就业邀请。

　　The final stage of the Ph.D. program is to write a dissertation and pass the university oral examination， which involves giving a public seminar defending the dissertation and answering questions from a private panel of four professors. Most students complete the entire program in five years and receive several employment offers as they write their dissertation.

  编辑：翁晓兰